The history of the Oiran is closely intertwined with the social and cultural developments of Japan, particularly during the Edo period (17th to 19th century). Here is a brief overview of the history of Oiran:

Origins: The concept of the Oiran can be traced back to the late 16th century, but it reached its peak during the Edo period. The Edo period was characterized by relative peace and stability under the Tokugawa shogunate, which allowed for the flourishing of arts, culture, and urbanization.

Emergence of the Pleasure Quarters: During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate implemented strict social and class hierarchies, which led to the establishment of designated entertainment districts known as "kagai" or "oiran-gai." These districts were typically located in major cities like Edo (modern-day Tokyo), Kyoto, and Osaka. The most famous of these districts was Yoshiwara in Edo.

Rise of the Oiran: The Oiran emerged as the highest-ranking and most prestigious courtesans within the kagai. They were selected based on their beauty, intelligence, and artistic talents. Oiran were considered elite entertainers, and they cultivated a refined and sophisticated image.

Training and Skills: Oiran underwent rigorous training in various traditional arts, including ikebana (flower arranging), tea ceremony (chanoyu), calligraphy (shodo), poetry (haiku), and musical instruments like the shamisen. Their skills in conversation, witty banter, and entertainment were also highly developed.

Elaborate Attire and Appearance: Oiran were known for their distinctive and extravagant attire. They wore heavily layered kimonos with intricate patterns and designs, often very heavy and cumbersome. Their hairstyles were equally ornate, adorned with various hairpins and accessories.

Makeup: Oiran used a unique and striking makeup style, which included white face powder (oshiroi) to give their skin a porcelain-like appearance. They also applied vibrant red and black lipstick and heavily painted their eyebrows.

Hierarchical System: Within the kagai, there was a strict hierarchy among Oiran, with the highest-ranking courtesans known as "tayū." Below them were the "kōshi" and "jōrō," who held lower ranks. The higher a courtesan's rank, the more prestigious and costly her services.

Patronage: Oiran entertained wealthy and influential clients, including samurai, merchants, and other affluent individuals. Their patrons would engage in various forms of entertainment, conversation, and companionship during their visits to the kagai.

Decline and Transformation: The decline of the Oiran tradition began in the late 19th century with the Meiji Restoration, which modernized and transformed Japan. Prostitution was officially outlawed, leading to the closure of the kagai. Many Oiran transitioned to other professions, while the traditional practices and styles associated with them gradually faded.

Despite their decline, the image of the Oiran continued to influence Japanese culture, art, and entertainment. They remain an iconic symbol of Japan's historical cultural richness and have been romanticized in literature, films, and art as embodiments of elegance and refinement from a bygone era. Modern-day depictions of Oiran often serve as a bridge to Japan's colorful past.